Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Earth Science Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Outline
Fossils
A. Evidence of the Distant Past
1. provide clues to Earth’s past. Some of the most obvious
clues that are present in rocks are , the preserved
remains or evidence of ancient living organisms.
clues that are present in rocks are , the preserved
remains or evidence of ancient living organisms.
2. Some early scientists thought that fossils formed from the remains of organisms
killed in .
killed in .
3. is the idea that conditions and creatures on Earth
change because of quick, violent events.
change because of quick, violent events.
4. Based on his observations, proposed that changes
on Earth take place very slowly.
on Earth take place very slowly.
5. Hutton developed the principle of . According to this
principle, the same processes that occur today occurred
in the past.
principle, the same processes that occur today occurred
in the past.
a. This principle says that most changes on Earth’s surface occur in slow,
continuous .
continuous .
events quickly change Earth’s surface.
B. Formation of Fossils
1. An organism is more likely to become a fossil if it contains
parts such as teeth or bones.
parts such as teeth or bones.
2. Fossils are more likely to form if an organism is quickly
after it dies.
after it dies.
3. Tiny fossils are called .
C. Types of Preservation
1. If the actual organism becomes a fossil, it was completely
over a long period of time to keep it away from air and
bacteria.
over a long period of time to keep it away from air and
bacteria.
2. Some fossils are , which form when pressure drives off
the gases and liquids from an organism’s tissues, leaving only the carbon behind.
the gases and liquids from an organism’s tissues, leaving only the carbon behind.
3. Fossils also form when in groundwater replace the
tissues of dead organisms.
tissues of dead organisms.
4. Some fossils are , which is the impression in a rock left
by an ancient organism.
by an ancient organism.
5. When a mold fills with sediment or mineral deposits, it forms a fossil called
a(n) .
a(n) .
6. show evidence of the activity of ancient organisms,
such as tracks or nests.
such as tracks or nests.
D. Ancient Environments
1. are scientists who study fossils.
2. Paleontologists compare fossils of with organisms that
live today.
live today.
a. Paleontologists use to learn about the environments
of ancient organisms.
of ancient organisms.
b. If a fossil of an ancient organism is similar to an organism that lives today, these
two organisms might have lived in a similar .
two organisms might have lived in a similar .
3. Fossils show that Earth’s climate has many times in
the past.
the past.
4. Fossils of plants such as indicate that much of Earth
was warm and humid 200 million years ago.
was warm and humid 200 million years ago.
5. Fossils of organisms such as the woolly mammoth help scientists learn about times
that the climate of Earth was .
that the climate of Earth was .
Earth Science Unit 3 Study Guide
Unit 3 Study Guide
1. What are the characteristics of a mineral?
2. What are the ways to identify a mineral?
3. How does the Moh’s Hardness Scale work? (What is hardest # and mineral, softest?)
4. How does the scratch test work? (Which scratches which, harder or softer?)
5. How can a streak plate identify a mineral? (What material is left?)
6. Can a streak plate be used to identify all minerals? (If not which can’t be identified)
7. What’s the least reliable method of mineral identification? Why?
8. How is a mineral classified as a gemstone?
9. What’s the difference between cleavage and fracture?
10. Define a rock.
11. What types of rock exist?
12. How is each rock type formed?
13. How does the formation of a rock affect its makeup?
14. Does it matter where a rock is formed? (Can that change its makeup? How?)
15. What is the rock cycle?
16. How does an igneous rock transform into a metamorphic rock? Sedimentary rock?
17. How does a sedimentary rock transform into a metamorphic rock? Igneous?
18. How does a metamorphic rock transform into a sedimentary rock? Igneous?
19. How is a rock different from a mineral?
20. What are little pieces of rock that have been weathered called?
21. What are the two types of igneous rock? Where are they formed?
22. What type of rock is granite? Slate? Conglomerate? Sandstone? Basalt?
23. What are the two categories of weathering?
24. What five things can cause mechanical weathering?
25. What can affect the rate of weathering?
26. What affect does chemical weathering have on the minerals that make up a rock?
27. How are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering different?
28. List at least 3 causes of chemical weathering.
29. What makes up soil?
30. How is soil different from rocks?
31. Why is soil important?
32. How is soil formed?
33. What level of soil has the most organic matter?
Earth Science Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Key Concept Builder
Soils | |||
1. Give two reasons why soils are important. • • | 3. List two properties of soils that plants depend on. • • | ||
Inorganic Parts | Organic Parts | ||
4. What is meant by the inorganic part of soils? | 8. What is meant by the organic part of soils? | ||
5. How are soil fragments classified? | 9. What are three examples of organic matter in soils? • • • | ||
6. What does the size of the inorganic matter in soils affect? | 10. How does organic matter form in soils? • • | ||
7. What are three examples of inorganic matter? • • • | 11. What important properties does organic matter give to soils? • • • • | ||
Earth Science Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Key Concept Builder
Mechanical Weathering | |
Cause | Effect |
1. Draw a picture showing ice wedging. | 2. Explain how ice wedging causes weathering. |
abrasion. | 4. Explain how abrasion causes weathering. |
5. Draw a picture showing how plants cause mechanical weathering. | 6. Explain how plants cause weathering. |
7. Draw a picture showing how animals cause mechanical weathering. | 8. Explain how animals cause weathering. |
Earth Science Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Content Practice B
Weathering
Directions: Complete the chart by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct spaces.
Then finish each sentence.
Then finish each sentence.
abrasion | acid rain | animals |
intense temperatures | ice wedging | normal rain |
oxidation | plants |
Mechanical Weathering | Chemical Weathering |
1. cause(s) weathering because . | 6. is the process that combines . |
2. cause(s) weathering because . | 7. has a pH of about 5.6 and can cause . |
3. cause(s) weathering because . | 8. has a pH of 4.5 or less and causes . |
4. cause(s) weathering because . | |
5. cause(s) weathering because . |
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.
9. Define weathering.
10. Explain the effects of mechanical weathering.
11. Explain the effects of chemical weathering.
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