Life Science Additional Semester Exam Study Guide Material

Additional Study Guide Material for Life Science

1.       The first step of the scientific process begins with a question.  Following that an experimenter should research others work on the topic to help get ideas of how to continue. 

2.       The independent variable is the one that the experimenter is changing and the dependent is the one being changed as a result of the experiment.  (Ex: Your teacher wants to know which class does the best on a test, so he gives three classes the test and looks at the results.  The class would be the independent variable and the grades would be the dependent variable.)

3.       The cell wall not only provides shape and structure for a plant cell, it also keeps those things constant.

4.       Meiosis ONLY produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

5.       Mitosis reproduces cells for GROWTH, REPAIR, and REPLACEMENT.

6.       When water moves out of a cell its called OSMOSIS.  SALT can pull water out of a cell.  Remember just because it says water is involved, doesn’t mean that it’s what is moving.

7.       Respiration is responsible for the production of energy and requires oxygen to take place.

8.       When trying to calculate the volume of an irregular object you can use a graduated cylinder.  Just measure what the water level is before placing the object in the cylinder and after the object is in the cylinder.  The difference is the volume.  BEFORE – AFTER = VOLUME

9.       Remember the process of osmosis deals with water moving into or out of a vacuole and is how vegetables get full (big) or empty (small).

Life Science Possible Constructed Reponse Questions for Semester Exam

Life Science Edusoft Constructed Response Questions

1.       An egg is placed in vinegar to remove the shell.  It is then dried off and placed in a beaker containing a solution of corn syrup.  The egg is left in the beaker and solution for 2 days afterward.  Afterwards, the egg is removed and observed.  The egg has decreased in size.

LAB Results:

Before                                                                                                  After

LARGE                                                                                              SMALL

In this experiment, a process is occurring to the egg.  A. Name the process.  B. Explain why the process occurred.  Be sure to draw picture(s) to illustrate your answer.

2.       A plant gets larger when water is added to it.  What organelle would get larger (where is water stored)?  Why would a larger plant be wanted by a grocery store trying to sell vegetables? What is the process called allowing the plant to get larger?

Life Science Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Key Concept Builder

Key Concept What determines the expression of traits?

Directions: The ozmox is a fictional creature with a variety of traits. Study the list of ozmox alleles for the seven
traits below. Then look at the genotypes of a particular ozmox named Glork. Using that information, write Glork’s
phenotype for each trait on the lines provided.

Ozmox alleles: Hair—shaggy (S); short-haired (s) Nose—orange (O); green (o) Tail—long (L); stubby (l) Teeth—pointed (P); rounded (p) Claws—curved (C); straight (c) Eyes—red (R); blue (r) Ears—big (B); small (b) Glork’s genotypes: Ss, oo, LL, Pp, cc, rr, BB

1.  Hair:                                                                                                                                 

2.  Nose:                                                                                                                                

3.  Tail:                                                                                                                                  

4.  Teeth:                                                                                                                                

5.  Claws:                                                                                                                               

6.  Eyes:                                                                                                                                 

7.  Ears:                                                                                                                                  

Life Science Chapter 5 Lesson 2 School to Home

For this activity, you will need the tables below and a pencil. Refer to your textbook as needed.

A farmer who raises vegetables wants to cross two types of corn plants. One type is a
homozygous plant with red kernels (RR) and the other is a homozygous plant with white
kernels (rr). For these plants, red color is dominant and white color is recessive. Create a Punnett square below to predict the offspring the farmer should expect.

 

1.  Using the Punnett square, predict the color of the corn kernels. Will the plants produce
all red kernels, all white kernels, or a mixture of both colors?

                                                                                                                                                          

2.  What would be the ratio of red corn to white corn in the offspring?

                                                                                                                                                          

Next, the farmer cross-pollinates the red hybrid (Rr) offspring. Create a Punnett
square below for this cross.

3.  Using the Punnett square, predict the color of the corn kernels. Will the plants produce
all red kernels, all white kernels, or a mixture of both colors?

                                                                                                                                                          

4.  What would be the ratio of plants with red kernels to plants with white kernels
in the offspring?

                                                                                                                                                          

Life Science Semester Exam Study Guide

Life Science Semester Exam Study Guide

Name:_________________________________

Please Answer Questions on a Separate Sheet of Paper

1.       A permanent change in the sequence of DNA, or the nucleotides, in a gene or a chromosome is called a ________________.  (page 175)

2.       What elements are found most commonly in living things? (page 9)

3.       Blood type AB is an example of ________________. (page 165)

4.       Budding is an example of __________________ reproduction, example if you cut off part of plant and the separate part can grow on its own. (page 131)

5.       What is a phenotype? (page 160)

6.       During meiosis chromosomes pairs contain __________ the number chromosomes of the parent. (page 119)

7.       What organelle gives a plant cell its shape and structure? (page 52)

8.       You get ____________________ from each your parents. (page 118)

9.       Allowing form genetic variation is an advantage of __________________ reproduction. (page 124)

10.   Chromosomes have (many or few) genes. (118)

11.   Why are sex linked traits more common in males than females? (page 165)

12.   What makes a question testable? (page NOS 7)

13.   Explain osmosis: Water moves from an area of _____________ concentration to ______________ concentration.   The result can cause cells to swell. (page 62)

14.   Meiosis deals only with the production of gametes or _________  ____________. (page 62)

15.   Mitosis deals with _____________ reproduction such as

Reproduction, _______________, _______________, _________________ (page 93)

16.   Which type of cell has a large central vacuole? (page 52)

17.   Which type of a cell has a flagellum? (page 54)

18.   Which type of cell is irregular in shape (NO CELL WALL) and has a nucleus? (page 53)

19.   Which types of cells are prokaryotic? (page 54)

20.   Which types of cells are eukaryotic? (page 54)

21.   What is the function of the nucleus? (page 55)

22.   The __________  ______________ controls what goes into and out of a cell.(page 52)

23.   Which organelle produces proteins _______________? (page 56)

24.   Aerobic respiration requires ____________ anaerobic does not. (page 70)

25.   What function within a cell requires oxygen to take place? _______________ (page 70)

26.   Plant cells have _______________, ______________, and large _______________, which animal cells do not. (page 52)

27.   What is the word equation for photosynthesis? (page 335)

28.   What is the word equation for respiration? (page 335)

29.   Heterozygous has ______________ letters such as (Tt). (page 161)

30.   The process of taking in oxygen and breathing out is _______________ (page 70)

31.   What is a dichotomous key used for? (page 22)

32.   What are the levels of classification from broadest to most specific. (page 21)

33.   What is the function of the vein in a leaf? (page 317)

34.   What allows gases go into and out of a leaf? (page 317)

35.   Ferns produce _____________ to reproduce asexually. (page 353)

36.   A butterfly goes through _______________ metamorphosis.

A grasshopper goes through _______________ metamorphosis. (NOTES)

37.   How are scientific names determined? (from two levels of classification) (page 22)

Earth Science Semester Exam Study Guide

Semester Exam Study Guide Earth Science

1.       What are causes of chemical weathering?

2.       What is the formula for density?

3.       Rust is evidence of _______________________ weathering.

4.        Using the periodic table Carbon has : How many Electrons? Protons? Neutrons?

5.       What type of rock are fossils most likely to be found in?

6.       How is metamorphic rock formed?

7.       How is sedimentary rock formed?

8.       How is igneous rock formed?

9.       What are the way things are physically weathered?

10.   Radioactive dating is a type of  ___________________ dating.

11.   A scale of how much a mineral resists scratching other minerals.

12.   Does the harder mineral scratch the other mineral?

13.   What is the most likely cause of erosion? ( page 179)

14.   The powered residue left when a mineral is dragged across a porcelain tile.

15.   The way a mineral reflects or absorbs light.

16.   The 3 types of luster include ____________________ and  _________________.

17.   When an ion loses an electron it has a ___________________ charge.

18.   Rocks are made of _____________________ and _______________________.

19.   The situation that causes the greatest amount of weathering ___________ _____________

20.   Soil is made of ______________, _______________, ________________, _______________,  and ___________________.

21.   Minerals form in a ________________ pattern.

22.   Arrange the following (Eon, Period, Era, Epoch) from longest to shortest.

23.   Arrange the layers of the earth from center out.  (page 51)

24.   Where are Earthquakes most likely? (page 294)

25.   The amount of ground motion at a given distance from an earthquake used to measure the magnitude is called the  ______________  __________. (page 300)

26.   When two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions it creates a strike-slip, which is a type of _________________. (page 295)

27.   An area of earthquake and volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean is called the ________________ of ____________.  They are located along divergent ______________  ____________. (page 309)

28.   How are mountains created?(page262)

29.   All of the continents were once part of a supercontinent called ______________. (page217)

30.   The theory of ____________________  _______________ is when plates move ever so slowly (page 233)

31.   Fossils of the same animals found on different continents illustrate evidence of ____________. (page219)

32.   Two plates moving towards each other form a ___________________  _______________. (page 235)

33.   The process by which hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler materials near the surface sinks is called ___________________. (page 238)

34.   List two affects volcanic ash can have on an area.  (page 313)

35.   Describe the Layers of the Earth. (page 52)

36.   How are volcanoes and earthquakes caused? (page 233)

37.   What does the law of superposition state? (page 338)

38.   Refer to page 339 illustrations of dikes, inclusion, and sedimentary layers. (Which were formed first)

39.   Which layer of the earth is most likely affected by erosion? (page 179)

Earth Science Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Key Concept Builder

Earth’s Interior

Key Concept What are the interior layers of Earth?

Directions: Write the layers of Earth in order from the inside to the outside.

asthenosphere             inner core             lithosphere

lower mantle               outer core             upper mantle

1.                                            

2.                                            

3.                                            

4.                                            

5.                                            

6.                                            

Directions: Work with a partner. Suppose you could get a sample of material from each of Earth’s layers. Which
layer did each of these samples come from?

7.  hot liquid iron                                            

8.  cool solid rock                                           

9.  hot solid rock                                            

10.  hot melted rock                                              

11.  very hot solid iron                                            

12.  hottest solid rock                                            

Earth Science Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Content Vocabulary

Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle.

asthenosphere            core                      crust                lithosphere

magnetosphere          mantle                 nickel              observation

Clues

Across

1.  the dense, metallic center of Earth

2.  a plastic, or flowing, layer within
Earth’s mantle

3.  the brittle, rocky outer layer of Earth

4.  the outer part of Earth’s magnetic field

5.  the thick middle layer in the solid part
of Earth

6.  a specific type of metal

Down

7.  an act of noting a fact or an occurrence

8.  the rigid layer of Earth that includes
the crust and the uppermost mantle

Earth’s Structure                                                                                                                                      27

Earth Science Chapter 11 Lesson 1 Key Concept Builder

Key Concept How was the geologic time scale developed?

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term
is used only once.

epochs	eras	fossils	Mesozoic
Paleozoic	Periods	Phanerozoic	Triassic

1.  Divisions in the geologic time scale
were developed based on differences
in the                                             
in different rock layers.

2.  Eons, the longest unit of geologic time,
are subdivided into
                                                 .

3.  Periods are subdivided into
                                                 .

4.  Jurassic and the Ordovician are examples
of geologic                                                   .

5.  The Cretaceous period is part of the
                                                 era.

6.  The Cambrian period is part of the
                                                 era.

7.  The Mesozoic era includes the
                                             period.

8.  The                                                eon
includes the Quaternary period.